Herders Mobility, Food Security and Covid-19 Pandemic Challenges during Lockdown in Nigeria

Climate change is one of the cores of the herders' movement in Nigeria. Some other variable is the classification of the Fulanis as indigenous peoples that have no specific abode of their own;they roam around looking for water and foliage for their animals. During the dry season, they move towards the southern part of Nigeria where they would find foliage and water for their animals because of their status under international law. A notion that in a bid to look for food for their animals, these herders sometimes feed their animals with grown corn, cassava, millet, sweet potato and even yam of the sedentary farmers. One of the geneses of food insecurity in many communities of the southern part of Nigeria. Food availability, affordability and accessibility in the country was compromised in 2020 due to these challenges by the urban dwellers which was compromised due to the activities of mobile herders. With general lockdown in Nigeria, many farmers were unable to go to farm while the Fulanis who were hardly affected by lockdown had their field-days in feeding their animals on crops planted by small scale farmers, the only source of food security in the country. The core of this paper is to interrogate Fulanis mobility as indigenous peoples based on relevant international law and its impact on small-scale farmers' sources of income and food availability for the teeming population of Nigeria. We contextualised this based on the COVID-19 pandemic that restricts the movement of people between March and December 2020. We conclude that the rights of the indigenous peoples at the domestic level need further interrogation to create an atmosphere of peaceful co-existence through aversion of herders-farmers clashes that envelope southern Nigeria.

HERDING BEHAVIOR IN FRONTIER NORDIC COUNTRIES

This paper investigates herding behavior of investors in three frontier Nordic countries from July 1,2002 until July 30, 2021, under different market conditions and during three crises that occurred in this period. As estimation methods, we use both OLS and quantile regression and determine that both up and down market, high and low volatility induce a weak herding behavior for at least one quantile in almost all Nordic countries examined, except for Latvia. At the same time, we find that crises determine a more prominent herding behavior in Nordic countries, but do not influent the behavior of investors from Latvia, that tend to remain rational even in stressful conditions.

Annual report 2021: CGIAR research program on policies, institutions, and markets

This report highlights the achievements in 2021 of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM). PIM had a productive final year centered on synthesizing and packaging findings to consolidate the program's legacy while continuing to respond to demand related to the impacts of COVID-19 and preparing the transition to the new CGIAR portfolio. Among other achievements, PIM findings and engagement contributed to Myanmar's response to COVID-19, South Africa's policies on resilience to climate change, Tunisia's policies for pastoral development, a reform of Nigeria's national agricultural research system, Ghana's fish seed and farm certification system, gender strategies for three agricultural value chains in Honduras, and genome editing guidelines for the agricultural sector in four African countries. PIM research informed policy documents of FAO, IFAD, One CGIAR, the UK Government, the World Bank and the World Food Programme. PIM tools enabled more equitable co-management of 76 protected areas in Peru and informed World Bank social protection projects.

'Wildlife for Livestock': COVID-19, Tourism and Community Conservancies in Northern Kenya

The existence of pastoralism as it has been organised for hundreds of years is dependent on constant adaptation to ever-changing situations. Such adaptation includes crop agriculture, wage labour, and community conservancies. In northern Kenya, conservancies are epicentres of wildlife, nature tourism, and commercial ventures. This study incorporates methods and perspectives from history, anthropology, and development studies. The study shows that the shift to community conservancies has exposed pastoral communities to a fluctuating international economic system that has collapsed due to COVID-19 pandemic. The instability caused by the pandemic exposed the vulnerability of community conservancy as a livelihood system.

ONWARD AND INWARD

Rebecca filed her dissertation "Experience and Memory: The Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) and Nigerian Contemporary Art" and is now teaching as an Assistant Professor of Art History at Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia. Al and his wife, Polly, to whom Ufahamďs 2018 In Memoriam issue was dedicated, have been critical figures in UCLA's Africanist community, making sure to connect students to others with similar interests in the classroom and through their leadership at the African Studies Center and the Fowler Museum. Turner Adornetto's "Energy Trajectories and Solar Energy Imaginaries of the Maasai" builds on this important charge through an analysis of how Maasai communities repurpose solar energy technologies grounded in herding and livestock practices as tools of negotiation with national government and foreign solar company initiatives. Gay questions what it means when people of color suddenly begin to receive awards at France's César's ceremony;Gabriel examines the reactions that occurred when Alicia Aylies from French Guiana was named Miss France in 2017;and Marboeuf looks critically at French president Emmanuel Macron's treatment of the French national football team after it won the 2018 World Cup.